which of the following statements about filtering information is accurate?

Jamais Cascio, distinguished fellow at the Institute for the Future, noted, The power and diversity of very low-cost technologies allowing unsophisticated users to create believable alternative facts is increasing rapidly. The 49% of these experts who expect things to improve generally inverted that reasoning: Technology can help fix these problems: These more hopeful experts said the rising speed, reach and efficiencies of the internet, apps and platforms can be harnessed to rein in fake news and misinformation campaigns. byAndrew K. Przybylski and Victoria Nash, published inCyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, The Inconsistent Work of Web Filters: Mapping Information Access in Alabama Public Schools and Libraries (2017) The following section presents an overview of the themes found among the written responses, including a small selection of representative quotes supporting each point. They predicted that manipulative actors will use new digital tools to take advantage of humans inbred preference for comfort and convenience and their craving for the answers they find in reinforcing echo chambers. a) It's an application that alters digital videos b) It's a software that allows altering digital pictures c) It's a system that manipulates digital medias d) It's a machine that allows altering digital images View Answer 2. So the new divide will be between the people who want their information to be real vs. those who simply want it to feel important. National Conference of State Legislatures (updated periodically), (Note: The American Library Association does not endorse or recommend any internet filtering software. How to be a Ninja Warrior Filter Fighter! We also need to move away from clickbaity-like articles, and not algorithmically rely on popularity but on information., An engineer based in North America replied, The future will attach credibility to the source of any information. Mental filtering is draining and straining all positives in a situation and, instead, dwelling on its negatives. Americans worry about that: A Pew Research Centerstudy conducted just after the 2016 election found 64% of adults believe fake news stories cause a great deal of confusion and 23% said they had shared fabricated political stories themselves sometimes by mistake and sometimes intentionally. These incumbents are locked into monopoly power over our information ecosystem and as they drain advertising money from all other low-cost commercial media they impoverish the public sphere.. Too many Americans will live in political and social subcultures that will champion false information and encourage use of sites that present such false information.. These are the main causes of the deterioration of a public domain of shared facts as the basis for discourse and political debate., Kenneth Sherrill, professor emeritus of political science at Hunter College, City University of New York, predicted, Disseminating false rumors and reports will become easier. Question 10 2 pts Which one of the following statements is accurate about the Sorting and Filtering in Excel? Lying is a powerful way to do that. That is to say, things will become better but not necessarily good., AI, blockchain, crowdsourcing and other technologies will further enhance our ability to filter and qualify the veracity of information., There will be new visual cues developed to help news consumers distinguish between trusted news sources and others., Accurate facts are essential, particularly within a democracy, so this will be a high, shared value worthy of investment and government support, as well as private-sector initiatives., We are only at the beginning of drastic technological and societal changes. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. of College & Research Libraries (ACRL), Assn. Many respondents noted that while the digital age has amplified countless information sources it has hurt the reach and influence of the traditional news organizations. Synthesis Report: Test and benchmark of products and services to voluntarily filter Internet content for children between 6 and 16 years, Internet Filtering Software Tests: Barracuda, CyberPatrol, FilterGate, & WebSense, The Effectiveness of Internet Content Filters, Internet filtering companies with religious affiliations in the context of Indiana public libraries, Filtering Software: The Religious Connection, Parental controls: advice for parents, researchers, and industry, Championing Internet Access for Students on Banned Websites Awareness Day. Overall there are powerful forces, including corporate investment in surveillance-based business models, that create many incentives for unreliability, invisible handshake agreements with governments that militate against changing surveillance models, international espionage at a governmental and corporate level in conjunction with mediocre cryptography and poor use of white hat hackers, poor educational standards in major industrial countries such as the U.S., and fundamental weaknesses in the U.S. political/electoral system that encourage exploitation of unreliability. The staff of the Office for Intellectual Freedom is available to answer questions or provide assistance to librarians, trustees, educators and the public about internet filtering. When the television became popular, people also believed everything on TV was true. What kind of communication error did Sally make? C) Filters can only be established on an Excel table. They said certain actors in government, business and other individuals with propaganda agendas are highly driven to make technology work in their favor in the spread of misinformation, and there will continue to be more of them. Patrick Lambe, principal consultant at Straits Knowledge, commented, All largescale human systems are adaptive. Participation will decline as more and more citizens become unwilling/unable to figure out which information sources are reliable., The crisis we face about truth and reliable facts is predicated less on the ability to get people to believe the *wrong* thing as it is on the ability to get people to *doubt* the right thing. What we dont know is how to make it a thriving business. (YALSA), Information Technology & Telecommunication Services, Office for Diversity, Literacy, and Outreach Services (ODLOS), Office for Human Resource Development and Recruitment (HRDR), Ethnic & Multicultural Information Exchange RT (EMIERT), Graphic Novels & Comics Round Table (GNCRT), Social Responsibilities Round Table (SRRT), 225 N Michigan Ave, Suite 1300 Chicago, IL 60601 | 1.800.545.2433, Intellectual Freedom: Issues and Resources, Internet Filtering: An Interpretation of the, Minors and Online Activity: An Interpretation of the, Access to Digital Resources and Services: An Interpretation of the, Resolution on Opposition to Federally Mandated Internet Filtering, Statement on Library Use of Filtering Software, Guidelines to Minimize the Negative Effects of Internet Content Filters on Intellectual Freedom, Fencing Out Knowledge:Impacts of the Children's Internet Protection Act 10 Years Later, Minors' First Amendment Rights: CIPA and School Libraries, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults, Lester Asheim in Cyberspace: A Tribute to Sound Reasoning, Do You See What I See? At the top of a comments section, there is a drop down menu with these choices. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. Donald Trumps repeated fake news smears of The New York Times, Washington Post, etc., are among his most destructive non-truths., Susan Etlinger, industry analyst at Altimeter Research, said, There are two main dynamics at play: One is the increasing sophistication and availability of machine learning algorithms and the other is human nature. And the political environment is bad., Ian OByrne, assistant professor at the College of Charleston, replied, Human nature will take over as the salacious is often sexier than facts. For every fact there is a counterfact and all these counterfacts and facts look identical online, which is confusing to most people.. the situation: OMG, I h8 my prof. Information is only as reliable as the people who are receiving it. For the environment to improve, we need substantial improvements in education systems across the world in relation to critical thinking, social literacy, information literacy, and cyberliteracy (see Laura Guraks book Cyberliteracy)., Su Sonia Herring, an editor and translator, commented, Misinformation and fake news will exist as long as humans do; they have existed ever since language was invented. Yes, sometimes innovation leads to abuses, but further innovation tends to solve those problems., Consumers have risen up in the past to block the bullshit, fake ads, fake investment scams, etc., and they will again with regard to fake news., As we understand more about digital misinformation we will design better tools, policies and opportunities for collective action., Now that it is on the agenda, smart researchers and technologists will develop solutions., The increased awareness of the issue will lead to/force new solutions and regulation that will improve the situation in the long-term even if there are bound to be missteps such as flawed regulation and solutions along the way.. Which model of attention is best supported by research findings and why? Areas of assistance include policy development, First Amendment issues, and professional ethics. Advertising used to provide newspapers with money to pay such people. Content-based filtering is defined as a type of recommender system that attempts to guess what a user may like based on that user's activity. According to Cherry's work on auditory attention, which of the following would NOT help to distinguish target sounds from background noise? Filters often block adults and minors from accessing a wide range of constitutionally protected speech. B) Its semantic filter does not consider physical characteristics. There is too much incentive to spread disinformation, fake news, malware and the rest. Theres no technical solution for designing a system that prevents people from asserting that Obama is a Muslim but allows them to assert that Jesus loves you., Amy Webb, author and founder of the Future Today Institute, wrote, In an era of social, democratized media, weve adopted a strange attitude. Following this wide-ranging set of comments is a much more expansive set of quotations directly tied to the five primary themes identified in this report. What barrier is facing Martin in this scenario? They eschew accountability for the impact of their inventions on society and have not developed any of the principles or practices that can deal with the complex issues. More specifically, the 51% of these experts who expect things will not improve generally cited two reasons: The fake news ecosystem preys on some of our deepest human instincts: Respondents said humans primal quest for success and power their survival instinct will continue to degrade the online information environment in the next decade. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. When " is not any of " condition is selected, the filter will be TRUE when none of the values identified is included for a particular record. Irene Wu, Frank Kaufmann, founder and director of several international projects for peace activism and media and information, commented, The quality of news will improve, because things always improve. And Barry Wellman, virtual communities expert and co-director of the NetLab Network, said, Software and people are becoming more sophisticated., One hopeful respondent said a change in economic incentives can bring about desired change. Guidelines to provide public and school libraries with information about how to select, configure, manage, and assess content filters to minimize the negative effects on free inquiry and the privacy of library users. After logging in to his computer, he sees an instant message from one of his coworkers who was not at the meeting: What is going on? Sorting can be applied to columns but not rows. Anonymous project leader for a science institute. Even if there are more positive aspects than negative in a situation or person,. Filtering can be applied to columns but not rows. The current [information] models are driven by clickbait, and that is not the foundation of a sustainable economic model., Stephen Downes, researcher with the National Research Council of Canada, wrote, Things will not improve. The environment will only improve if both sides of the communication channel are responsible. In this scenario, what part of the communication process does the voicemail, If students try to go online to view the syllabus and the universitys computer system keeps shutting down on them. What is truth? O Both Sorting and Filtering will allow selective viewing of data. We need more individuals who take responsibility for getting reliable sources., 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA by the ACLU of Rhode Island. Which of these statements regarding communication within an organization is true? A. Filters sort information in alphabetical order. If a news story reaffirms what we already believe, its credible but if it rails against our beliefs, its fake. Filtering is communicating only some of the available information in order to manage the listener's reactions. Many respondents expressed concerns about how peoples struggles to find and apply accurate information contribute to a larger social and political problem: There is a growing deficit in commonly accepted facts or some sort of cultural common ground. Why has this happened? The public must fund and support the production of objective, accurate information. A pure collaborative algorithm cannot recommend an item if there are . Content filters are unreliable because computer code and algorithms are still unable to adequately interpret, assess, and categorize the complexities of human communication, whether expressed in text or in image. I agree. They are like biomedical or nuclear technology firms absent any ethics rules or ethics training or philosophy. Governments and organizations are major actors in this space., An anonymous respondent said, Actors can benefit socially, economically, politically by manipulating the information environment. The Weekly World News had a circulation of over a million for its mostly fictional news stories that are printed and sold in a format closely resembling a newspaper. This section features responses by several of the top analysts who participated in this canvassing. C) It assumes unattended information is completely filtered out, with no further processing. The problem is that its *still* very hard for computer systems to analyze text, find assertions made in the text and crosscheck them. Furthermore, they said technologists will play an important role in helping filter out misinformation and modeling new digital literacy practices for users. and Jill are experiencing what communication barrier. They believe that material can rise above misinformation and create a base of common knowledge the public can share and act on. A) Information with a low degree of saliency is ignored and doesn't go on for further processing. Filtering can be applied to rows but not columns. B) The late selection filter because it allows for higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. High-quality journalism has been decimated due to changes in the attention economy. In 2012, Facebook, Google and others had no incentive to pay attention to the problem. People who were more susceptible to . C) The early selection filter because it allows higher-order information to be processed even if physically irrelevant. Market makers will increasingly incorporate security quality as a factor relevant to corporate valuation. See spam as an analog., Some predicted that digital distributed ledger technologies, known as blockchain, may provide some answers. They note that the publics move away from more-traditional mainstream news outlets, which had some ethical standards, to consumption of social newsfeeds has weakened mainstream media organizations, making them lower-budget operations that have been forced to compete for attention by offering up clickbait headlines of their own. Explain your answer. Filtered is considered stronger-meaning that we can be more confident that literature from this category better supports cause and effect. People tend to filter downward communication more than upward communication. DECENT is an early example. And an anonymous respondent from Harvard Universitys Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society said, They will be cryptographically verified, with concepts., But others were less confident that blockchain will work. We live in an era where most people get their news via social media and it is very easy to spread fake news. She wrote, Right now, there is an incentive to spread fake news. ", SafeKids.com: Digital Citizenship, Online Safety, and Civility. D) A majority of incongruent items leading to a decreased Stroop effect. To get to the SQL statements, I simply scroll down on the ABAP Statistics Record Screen to the SQL Statements section. For instance, after fake news stories in June 2017 reported Ethereums founder Vitalik Buterin had died in a car crash its market value was reported to have dropped by $4 billion. More subtly, its presence on the newsstand reminded everyone that anything can be printed., Joshua Hatch, president of the Online News Association, noted, Im slightly optimistic because there are more people who care about doing the right thing than there are people who are trying to ruin the system. By Sarah Houghton published in Library Technology Reports, Why Filters Won't Protect Children or Adults (2004) The use of Internet filters to block constitutionally protected speech, including content on social networking and gaming sites, compromises First Amendment freedoms and the core values of librarianship. Remember that quote from Roger Ailes: People dont want to BE informed, they want to FEEL informed. Sigh.. Filtering enables people to get the most accurate picture of a situation. Teaching judgment has always been the solution, and it always will be. Many of those who expect no improvement of the information environment said those who wish to spread misinformation are highly motivated to use innovative tricks to stay ahead of the methods meant to stop them. The presence of largescale landlords controlling significant sections of the ecosystem (e.g., Google, Facebook) aids in this counter-response., A professor in technology law at a West-Coast-based U.S. university said, Intermediaries such as Facebook and Google will develop more-robust systems to reward legitimate producers and punish purveyors of fake news., A longtime director for Google commented, Companies like Google and Facebook are investing heavily in coming up with usable solutions.

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