My research interests is in Roman pottery, with a focus on transport amphorae and black gloss ware, in ancient restoration. in Classics from the University of Arizona. The National Gallery of Art serves the nation by welcoming all people to explore and experience art, creativity, and our shared humanity. The extraordinary surviving paintings and floor surfaces at Pompeii are subjected daily to environmental degradation and anthropic pressure. Some observers worry that Pompeii could slide back into disrepair. And the behavior of visitors to the ancient city has long been troublesome. Read publications relating to Italian paintings history and technology, and to the study and conservation of Kress artworks, Learn more about the Kress Program in Paintings Conservation and graduate training at the Institute of Fine Arts, Conservation Center of the Institute of Fine Arts, New York University. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Access and Conservation at Pompeii: Strategies for Sustainable Co-existence, 1 Pompeii Archaeological Park Federico II University, Pompeii Archaeological Park, Naples, Italy, /doi/full/10.1080/00393630.2018.1495458?needAccess=true. 1730-35 (Infrared Reflectogram). A interim or final report is due from the host institution in September of the year following the award. WebAmadeo Maiuri began conservation work beginning in the 1930s, but his work was focused in specific areas of Pompeii, leaving others in disrepair. Amedeo Maiuri, director of Pompeii and Herculaneum from 1924 to 1961, was intent on re-creating the "atmosphere" of the two towns as they were before the eruption of Mt. endobj This act of theft also damaged several other frescoes in the house, and, though a camera system exists in Pompeii, it had been out of operation for several months when the event took place. Having collaborated in the organization of archaeological exhibitions, I am also interested in the management of archaeological finds. [10] Many of the buildings that were damaged or destroyed as a result of bombings were reconstructed in the postwar period, yet the legacy of these military operations has continued to pose threats to the site's preservation. endobj The National Gallery also offers a broad range of newsletters for various interests. [13] While the existence of these bombs poses a threat to future archaeologists, the procedures which military engineers frequently employ to excavate and defuse them are often invasive and have the potential to cause damage to archaeological remains.[14]. Born in Turin, Lorenzo is an MA student in Archaeology at the Sapienza University of Rome. The frescoes, sculptures, and paintings prevalent in both towns were highly preserved, retaining a large amount of detail, color, and vibrancy as a result of the thick layer of ash that covered them from the eruption. Preventive conservation and planned maintenance, overseen by the Great Pompeii Project, represent the first response. 45 0 obj <> Additionally, modern technology is used to help in conservation; in 2006, a laser survey was created of the Forum complex, allowing a three-dimensional, digital reconstruction. VIEW SPONSORED RESEARCH Additional Resources. The Conservation Grants program supports the professional practice of art conservation, especially as it relates to European works of art from antiquity to the early 19th century. On a recent weekday morning, a slow-moving line of tourists snaked through the elegant estate, admiring whats left of the elaborate frescoes, deep-set dining room and marble pillars. Conservation issues of Pompeii and Herculaneum Explore artworks conserved within the Kress Program. endobj <>0]/P 13 0 R/Pg 34 0 R/S/Link>> a horse still wearing its bronze-plated saddle. [12] In 2019, an investigation published by the Italian newspaper Il Fatto Quotidiano estimated that approximately 7 to 10 unexploded bombs may still be lying dormant beneath the sediment and ash in unexcavated portions of the site. Giacomo Pardini (PhD, Salerno) is a Research Fellow in Ancient Numismatics in the Department of Cultural Heritage Science at the University of Salerno, where he teaches graduate level courses in Ancient Numismatics. An Thus much of the information on them was lost. I participated in the Venus Pompeiana Field School in 2017, and returned as a field assistant in 2018. Previously she completed a BA in Classics (Hons.) endobj The two frescoes were recovered some months later, but many others have disappeared from the site, yet to return. It has overall responsibility for caring for both ancient cities, managing the sites, conserving them, removing plants, providing security to prevent further theft, administering tourist entry into the area, and reconstructing various buildings. I have been a member of or consultant in numerous international scientific projects and excavations since 1997, most recently serving as scientific director of excavation and restoration projects linked to the Grande Progetto Pompeii. Though some directors before him had taken limited steps towards this, Maiuri was motivated to reconstruct much of the two towns' infrastructure. The archaeologists working on the Herculaneum Conservation Project found the drains by accident while searching for a way to prevent the site from being flooded during heavy rain periods. With both a BA and MA in Archaeological Field Methods from the Sapienza University of Rome (Prof. Panella), Giordano has dug for 9 seasons at the NE slopes of the Palatine. The eruption had disrupted many of the building's foundations, while initial excavations left them unstable and vulnerable, and exposing them further to the elements exacerbated the deterioration process. In addition to these Conservation Fellowships, the Kress Foundation supports conservation at other institutions. <>stream 3 _.h"h|f_KDL 5~t@ Explore the legacy of Samuel H. Kress Foundation through an interactive timeline. The conservation of Pompeii is a duty that the government of Italy has to every Italian and to the whole world, he said, adding that a few years of lots of money is not enough to save Pompeii. The focus, he stressed, must be on continual, painstaking maintenance. They are most renowned for their destruction: both were buried in the AD 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. All applications should be submitted through the, Applications must be submitted through the FAIC's, View the Kress Collection Curated Gallery. WebThe Kress Pompeii Conservation Project Towards a Site MasterPlan 7 WMF'sream will eventually apply the practices esrablished at the Houseof the Silver Wedding Anniversary endobj He also oversaw the staging of an antiquarium in Irsina (Matera). Initial training, typically at one of a handful of institutions in North America, provides basic qualifications that must be supplemented with an extended period of specialized concentration on paintings, objects, textiles, antiquities, ethnic materials, photographs, prints and drawings, books and manuscripts, furniture, etc. uuid:081ded8b-ae56-11b2-0a00-006307010000 6th St and Constitution Ave NW The Samuel H. Kress Foundation devotes its resources to advancing the history, conservation, and enjoyment of the vast heritage of European art, architecture, and archaeology from antiquity to the early 19th century. Sidewalks have been built along some of the major routes, opening up parts of the ancient city to people in wheelchairs or pushing strollers. I work as contract archaeologist for preemptive archaeology, salvage archaeology and the monitoring of soil disturbance in archaeologically sensitive areas. 31 0 obj [2] Many agents of deterioration play a role in these conservation issues. Today, funding is mostly directed into conservation of the site; however, due to the expanse of Pompeii and the scale of the problems, this is inadequate in halting the slow decay of the materials. Their feet trample the plants; in closed-off areas, particularly those closest to unexcavated parts of the cities, and carry the seeds around the site causing growth in various areasthis can severely damage the buildings.[8]. A Crazy Idea to Bring Back Atlantic Puffins Is a Success While some of the damage is irreparable, the issues of funding and threat mitigation have prompted conservation and restoration specialists to reexamine and enact proper protocol in order to prevent future harm to the objects and the site itself [7]. The general movement of them causes the gradual wearing down of the roads and pavements, particularly in the more frequented areas like the Pompeiian Forum complex. Due to increased tourist numbers, the monitoring team covers every single accessible building, to study the dynamics of visitor flow, and to identify possible interventions to mitigate the effects of anthropic pressure. Pompeii and Herculaneum were once thriving towns, 2,000 years ago, in the Bay of Naples. We offer grants in defined program areas and professional development fellowships for historians of art and architecture, art conservators, art museum curators and educators, and art librarians. Since 2000, I have focused my research on my long-standing interests in the native populations of ancient Basilicata from the 6th century BCE to the Roman conquest of the Italian peninsula, with special emphasis on cult places and religious manifestations. <>2]/P 6 0 R/Pg 34 0 R/S/Link>> After the 1980s, the materials used in reconstruction were replaced by modern alternatives which would not react adversely with the original structures and artworks. A severe earthquake in 1980 further weakened the ancient citys structures. [5] It has also benefitted from collaborations with many other local, national and international partners, in particular, the British School at Rome for an entire decade. In 2012, a 10-year project began installing protective roofs, removing existing moisture and researching the chemical structure of ancient plasters. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Prior to his doctoral studies, he received a B.A. The purpose of the Kress Conservation Fellowship program is to provide a wide range of post-graduate fellowship opportunities that will help develop the skills of emerging conservators. [11] In 1986, a team of archaeologists working on excavating a portion of the city unearthed two bombs which had been dropped during these raids, one of which was unexploded. Carol C. Mattusch 29 0 obj But regulating tourist movement will not be easy, Dr. De Caro added, noting that switching to a more structured system would generate opposition from transport providers and tour companies, not to mention tourists. The superintendent decided all funds should be diverted into preserving the remains of both cities rather than excavating when massive amounts of work are needed on unearthed areas. Past and future conservation treatments will continuously be updated. For both cities, however, excavation has brought with it deterioration. Registered in England & Wales No. His main areas interest are the protohistoric and Archaic ages (Incoronata of Metaponto and Torre di Satriano at Potenza) and the Hellenistic-Roman period (Chora of Metaponto and Pompeii). xXn8+ C-2(II ,Y(6%WKQD?wtc$/}{yQdZ/E1W1ai*a In March 2012, the European Commission approved funding, with the goal of securing the ancient city as an enduring attraction in the region. College Art Association and the James R. Wiseman Book Award (1997) from At the other we have the nightmare scenario of the site being flooded with visitors, clambering over the walls and ripping bits of mosaic from the floor. Walls have partially collapsed and much of the site is closed to visitors because of the danger it poses to them. Besides working on the Venus Pompeiana Project he also works as a topographer on the Gabii Project. This week has been full of surprises, including unexpected finds in trenches IVN and IIS. Can a Restored Pompeii Be Saved From Clambering Tourists? <>/Metadata 2 0 R/Outlines 5 0 R/Pages 3 0 R/StructTreeRoot 6 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> Home | Kress Paintings Conservation endobj If visitors are free to circulate as they want, you need hundreds and hundreds of guards, Dr. De Caro said, adding that even if Pompeii earns a good income from ticket sales, the revenue would not be enough to cover the high cost of such a service. Only when a protective agent (lampblack) was applied were they able to survive in the open. 32 0 obj https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/travel/pompeii-restoration-overtourism.html. The Kress Program in Paintings Conservation has also supported publications in the field of Italian paintings history, technology, and conservation treatment, which are available on this site. [16]. The full $37,000 must be allocated as a fellowship stipend. As her extracurricular, she took two internship positions at the Owens Art Gallery, as a Student Conservation Intern and as a Crake Art Intern. Payroll taxes may be withheld from the $37,000, but any other benefits, travel or education reimbursement, or administrative costs must be met by the institution or other funding. I think its wonderful, she said, but it does need some more repair.. is a long-standing member of the Managing Committee for the American Nearly 2,000 years have passed since Pompeii and its surroundings were buried under ash and rock, following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. Il team composto da funzionari pubblici dellEnte di tutela e da specialisti dei Beni Culturali che lavorano insieme durante l'intero arco dellanno. Sculpture Garden Her MRP focused on Samnite building activities at the Temples of Apollo in Pompeii and Cumae. Preventive conservation and planned maintenance, overseen by the Great Pompeii Project, represent the first response. After all, Dr. De Caro said in a recent interview, Pompeii used to be home to thousands of people; it has plenty of space for humanity. Art History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in Prior to beginning the fellowship, fellows should have completed a masters-level degree in conservation. WebConservation of the sculptures is funded by a grant from the Bank of America Art Conservation Project. The conservation of Pompeii is a duty that the government of Italy has to every Italian and to the whole world, he said, adding that a few years of lots of money is not enough to save Pompeii. The focus, he stressed, must be on continual, painstaking maintenance. endobj WebMaine gave birth to Kresss ideas, but during the past 30 years the discoveries and techniques pioneered by Project Puffin have driven a new science of seabird restoration and conservation. Italy: Pompeii's Alexander Mosaic to be restored The 2,000-year-old House of the Gladiators in ancient Pompeiis ruins collapsed on 6 November 2010. We use cookies to improve your website experience. 16 0 obj During the Allied invasion of Italy in WWII, the site was erroneously struck by over 160 Allied bombs which were intended for nearby infrastructural targets. The alkaline in the masonry reacted with the original building materials, causing crumbling and erosion to walls of structures (as seen at the House of the Coloured Capitals) and peeling of the original pigments. In addition scientific research is underway so that suitable methodologies can be identified to conserve Herculaneum's wall paintings, plasters, mosaics, wooden features, structures, etc.[17]. See individual fellowships to learn how to apply.*. In 2009, nearly 2.1 million people visited. A newly unearthed bit of charcoal graffiti has even shed light on the date of the famous disaster. Can a Restored Pompeii Be Saved From Clambering Tourists? WebThe Environmental Archaeology of Pompeii and Herculaneum. For visitors such as Sherry Pressman of Pembroke Pines, Fla., who visited Pompeii with her husband in August, the experience of walking through the ancient city was even better than she had expected. Her other books include The Villa dei Papiri at Herculaneum: Life and Afterlife of a Sculpture Collection (2005); The Victorious Youth (1997); Classical Bronzes: The Art and Craft of Greek and Roman Statuary (1996); Greek Bronze Statuary: From the Beginnings through the Fifth Century B.C. Parrish is also an assistant field supervisor at the Gabii Project. executive dommittee. As a result, mitigative replacement endeavors will take many more years to complete. We are closed on December 25 and January 1. She is a member of the planning committee for the Visual Arts (CASVA), including the Paul Mellon Senior Fellowship His research interests include cultural interaction in Pre-Roman and Roman Italy, the role of material consumption in the construction and expression of social identities, and digital tools in archaeology. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Following World War II, the Italian government launched widespread excavations to create jobs for the unemployed. The Archaeological Park of Pompeii as distinct from the adjacent modern Italian city of Pompei is set to receive a record-breaking number of visitors this year, guards are in short supply, and everyday maintenance of the 163-acre archaeological site remains staggeringly expensive. The warm sea breeze would have blended the dry scent of cypress and bay leaves with the stench of rubbish and excrement from the street, and the gurgle of water in the baths would have been occasionally drowned out by cries from the crowd in the 20,000-seat amphitheater nearby. Unfortunately, funding is in such a state that not everything can be saved. from McGill University in Honours Classics in 2012. [3] In order to effectively establish widespread conservation efforts across both sites, the Packard Humanities Institute in collaboration with a "Soprintendenza," a branch of the Ministry of Culture (Italy), organized private-public partnership to subsidize and contract restorative projects.[4]. Webkress pompeii conservation project. <>stream Funding for preservation though not necessarily for excavation was often in short supply. The project entails the application of an innovative intervention method which organises and implements the restoration operations in an organic, planned and systematic manner. phone: (202) 842-6353 He has been a longtime collaborator with the Institute of Classical Archaeology at the University of Texas at Austin. The dogs which occupied buildings around the Forum in the 1980s have been removed. While both areas have guards, many artifacts still find their way to the illicit antiquities market. The following month, The Great Pompeii Project was launched. Additional services could also be added to the parks less-frequented gates, to minimize crowding at the popular Porta Marina and Piazza Esedra entrances. 34 0 obj These acts of theft often cause accidental damage to surrounding objects, and the thieved antiquities are no longer in situ and lose their context and cultural associations. The tourist experience will be critical to Pompeiis future, perhaps just as much as excavations have been the defining feature of the sites recent past. The rebuilding was particularly important in Pompeii, where the explosions destroyed the roofs and anything more than two meters above ground level. A small exhibition in the Antiquarium showcases stolen objects that visitors have sent back to Pompeii, claiming that the tiles, stones or figurines brought them bad luck. Weve denounced them I dont know how many times, but theyre still there, Mr. Messina said of the unauthorized guides, who often lead very large groups and continue to operate in the park despite an official ban. He has authored several papers on coin findings in particular from Rome and Pompeii, on the Augustan Meta Sudans, and on the Curiae Veteres sanctuary in Rome. They also affixed surveillance cameras throughout the ancient city to keep watch over Pompeiis thousands of daily visitors. When combined with money from the Italian government, the funds came to 105 million euros (about $116 million). See individual fellowships to learn how to apply. Antonio Irlando, an architect and the director of the Osservatorio Patrimonio Culturale, a cultural heritage watchdog group, says that revenue from ticket sales must be supported by additional funds from the government. The institute runs projects such as the restoration of frescoes and sculptures in Pompeii. On the night of 24 August 1943, British RAF bombers intending to attack the rail yard and steelworks in neighboring Torre Annunziata dropped several bombs on the site's southwest corner, resulting in the destruction of the site's antiquarium. The Kress Collection encompasses more than 3,000 works of European art, and is distinguished for its abundance of Italian Renaissance paintings. Visitors were invited to re-arrange them to form their own messages. Learn more about our exhibitions, news, programs, and special offers. VPP Staff Members - Archaeological Institute of America L'Herculaneum Conservation Project si dedica al sito archeologico di Ercolano fin dal 2001 al fine di proteggere, valorizzare e gestire questo incredibile patrimonio culturale e di promuovere la sua relazione con il territorio che lo circonda. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> Why not the Pyramids? Myths and memories of the Allied bombing of Pompeii, AugustSeptember 1943", "The Last Days of Pompeii (Getty Villa Exhibitions)", "Pompeii Is Home to Multiple Undetonated World War II Bombs", "Unexploded World War II bombs may still be buried at Pompeii", "Bombed Archaeology: Towards a Precise Identification and a Safe Management of WWII's Dangerous Unexploded Bombs", "World News - Breaking International Headlines & Exclusives | Toronto Sun", "Pompeii Gladiator Training Centre Collapses", "Conservation and Management Challenges in a Public/Private partnership for a Large Archaeological Site (Herculaneum, Italy)", History of the Management of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Conservation and restoration of cultural property, Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property, Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property, Disaster preparedness (cultural property), Integrated pest management (cultural property), Mold control and prevention (library and archive), Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment, Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera, Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's, Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin, Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes, Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty, Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence, Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative, Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum&oldid=1152224860, Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage, Articles that may contain original research from August 2014, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from August 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 23:05. It is conducted by a multi-disciplinary team of archaeologists, architects, conservators and specialists who are present on the site every day, responsible for the management of emergencies, and policy planning through organisation, study, application and evaluation of the consequences. One approach could be to introduce guide-led themed itineraries, which would help to distribute tourists across the site, Dr. De Caro suggested. Marcello Mogetta (PhD, Michigan) is Assistant Professor in the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri-Columbia. But this estate, which recently reopened following extensive restoration, appears much as it would have looked when Julia Felix still welcomed her paying guests. Initially, the work focused on an emergency campaign that then transformed into works to ensure the site's long-term maintenance. Since 2013, he has been a ceramicist for the Gabii Project and scientific collaborator of the Museo Civico di Tolfa. endobj Hundreds lived on the site, inadvertently damaging footpaths, roads and walls, as well as proving aggressive towards some tourists. Vandalism, particularly graffiti, is a problematic issue for Pompeii and Herculaneum. The statues, Hercules and the Vestal Virgins captured the imaginations of the general populace, and soon excavations with the intent to find more art had begun. 14 0 obj <> Landover, MD 20785 eys for the Future - World Monuments Fund Restoration of Pompeii to reverse effects of deterioration Her research focuses on the literary and material articulation of civic and group identities through origin stories in southern and central Italy. However, the increase in site usage necessitates more attention to be paid to conservation. A major emphasis has been placed on ensuring that infrastructures work effectively. As there are 2.5 million visitors to both cities every year, their presence allows for education on the site's conservation issues. WebThe Kress Program in Paintings Conservation has also supported publications in the field of Italian paintings history, technology, and conservation treatment, which are available Formerly a research fellow in the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a research associate of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, he has worked as topographer for the SantOmobono Project in Rome, as well as topographer and trench supervisor for the Mt. Our job is the find the right point in between.. From 2004 to 2009 I was Technical Director (SOA OS25, OS2) of the restoration company Euris srl. Explore the legacy of Samuel H. Kress Foundation through an interactive timeline. However, the damage has already been done in many places. She And now tourist numbers are higher than ever. WebSupport for conservation treatments is generally limited to works from the distributed Kress Collection, and is typically coordinated through the Kress Program in Paintings kress pompeii conservation project - KMITL The Great Pompeii Project was an infusion of about 105 million euros ($165 million) in European Union funds that helped spare the ruins from further degradation. Carol C. Mattusch There are many conservation projects, endeavors and enterprises associated with both cities in an attempt to prevent further deterioration. These focus on removing the forces that attack the sites, as well as restoring the damaged artifacts and preventing further destruction. Working with the custodians of Kress Collections across the country, the Kress Program in Paintings Conservation identifies works that require or would benefit from treatment and comprehensive technical analysis, and which lend themselves to conservation in an instructional setting. WebThe Herculaneum Conservation Project has been working at the archaeological site of Herculaneum since 2001 to protect, enhance and manage this unique place and its (2005-2006) and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation Paired Fellowship for The goal must be to strike a balance between tourism and preservation, says Mary Beard, a professor of classics at Cambridge University and the author of an award-winning book on Pompeii. Mattusch is the principal author and editor of Pompeii and the Roman Villa: Art and Culture around the Bay of Naples (2008). A specialist in Roman wall-painting, I was adjunct professor of Classical Archaeology at the University Suor Orsola Benincasa of Naples (2009-2010), Visiting Researcher at the University of Tokyo (from 2004 to 2009), German Archaeological Institute fellow (2011) and Fritz Thyssen Stiftung postdoctoral fellow (Frderung italienischer Nachwuchswissenschaftler an deutschen Institutionen in Italien, 2013).
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