Today, human rights are codified in international and national laws. a. c. geographic boundaries She does not own her office, and so she cannot use it to favor relatives, friends, and acquaintances. d. takes place only in the presence of charismatic leadership, b. Social psychologist __________ examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history may be attributed to pressure toward group conformity. b. __________ needs cannot always be met by one person, so being in a group enables one to complete, 7. 8. b. This translates into meritthose qualified for the job are thus meritorious for the job (and notably, qualifications matter, whereas personal characteristics of individuals do not). Indivisibility and interdependence of human rights: Human rights are indivisible, meaning that there is no hierarchy of human rights. Sociology Exam 2 (Ch. b. Interpret the meaning of the Y intercept, b0b_0b0, and the slope, b1b_1b1, in this problem. Students walking to class, shoppers in a department store, and people lined up to buy tickets are examples of __________. Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes The iron law of oligarchy Which of the following concepts is based on the central idea that those who control bureaucracies not only wield power but also have an interest in retaining their power? b. bilkers, According to many _____ theorists, popular culture serves a significant purpose in society in that it may be the "glue" that holds society together, Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. Centralization, which is the concentration of decision-making power (Pugh et al. triad Which of the following is an ideal characteristic of bureaucracies as identified by Weber? Ch. 5 Flashcards | Quizlet A college president need not be effective in designing promotional brochures. A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. Promoting diversity and inclusion in the federal workforce: Executive order 13583 and demographic trends, Formalization and consistency heighten organizational rule following: Experimental and survey evidence, The attitudinal, behavioral, and performance outcomes of work engagement: A comparative meta-analysis across the public, semipublic, and private sector. a. The ideal-type characteristics of bureaucratic organizations, as specified by Max Weber, include an emphasis on_____. A group composed of three members is termed a(n) __________. d. social group, Almost __________ of Stanley Milgram's research subjects went all the way to what could have been a deadly jolt of electricity if the shock generator had been real. Regardless, many traditions in public administration and management scholarship use Webers approach to bureaucracy as a foundation for how to analyze and understand public organizations. c. secondary group a. a. a. trained incapacity b. bureaucracy c. oligarchy d. goal displacement, A(n) __________ is a group to which a person belongs and with which the person feels a . They argue that this myth of neutrality is racializedcivil service reform based on merit was often racist and quite xenophobic (p. 7)which has current-day implications on equity. While they seem to pay tribute to values of equity, nondiscrimination, and participation, our analysis shows that there is need for additional engagement in these areas. Exam 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Empirical analyses of equity in bureaucratic practice and examining HRBA approaches in non-Western contexts could offer interesting additional research avenues. normative Racialized burdens: Applying racialized organization theory to the administrative state. Rules lead to formalization, which refers to the degree of written rules in organizations (Pugh et al. a. the CEO or other person who comes to be associated with a bureaucratic organization, a. b. 111. That is, the potentially inconsistent application of rules, for various reasons noted above, can inhibit efforts toward nondiscrimination, create a lack of transparency and accountability and access by organizational members, and limit agency by employees of marginalized identities. secondary group We develop a self-concept based on our perception of the attitudes of others. Maynard-Moody and Musheno (2003) find that street-level bureaucrats who had a favorable view of a client may bend rules to help them as much as they can, whereas when they held a negative view of a client, they may decline to apply rules, or apply those that do the bare minimum or disadvantage clients. b. Robert Merton c. a greater emphasis on sharing ideas and problem-solving approaches. b. c. secondary group As a result, we offer potential solutions for public organizations to increase their attention to equity and reinforce their commitment to human rights. By continuing, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Teacher leader human relations skills: A comparative study, Toward a Weberian public administration: The infinite web of history, values, and authority in administrative mentalities, A human rights-based approach (HRBA) in practice: Evaluating NGO development efforts, Administrative discretion and active representation: An expansion of the theory of representative bureaucracy. A lowly employee may often find it safer and easier to insist on formal compliance with the rules, rather than go the extra mile to deliver substantive service. a. a. Weber relied on an abstract model that described the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy) Women with blue eyes, people who wear contact lenses, people over 7 feet tall, and college men who belong to a fraternity are each an example of a(n) __________. A human rights-based approach (HRBA) puts human rights values and principles at the core of strategy, process, and outcome. c. anarchy __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group is dealing with emotional issues, and when harmony, solidarity, and high morale are needed. However, specialization implies the reduction of an employees knowledge of the overall process and centers power and control in the hands of managers (Weiss 1983, 246). b. laissez-faire While the goal of public organizations is to do the peoples work to its best ability, we argue that if we guarantee human rights and use a rights-based approach, we create organizations in which humansin this case, employeescan better reach their full potential and feel empowered, therefore contributing to their ability to do the peoples work, ably and responsively.2 The human rights-based approach (HRBA) can provide a new lens through which to think about and apply bureaucracy, especially in public organizations. a. Scientific management, however, held little regard for individuals working in those organizations. d. secondary groups, Most government, business, education, and religious organizations are __________ in form. b. A strict wall separates the sphere of the office from the realm of the family. 112. Human rights are applicable everywhere, for everyone, and at all times, and should not be limited except through the human rights of others or in times of emergency. (2019) found that perceptions of more centralization and hierarchy are related to higher perceptions of red tape. For both Mayo and McGregor, productivity lay in employees who are motivated, and motivation stems not from formal organizational structure, managerial orders, or written rules, but instead, from feeling part of something bigger and having control over their work. Ethical climate and rule bending: How organizational norms contribute to unintended rule consequences. Here, the concern is whether the employees staffing government agencies are responsive to the clients the employees serve. a division of labor. A(n) __________ is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personal matters. A. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. b. Mention the word bureaucracy, and people are likely to take it as a detested term for long delays, inefficiency, clerical ineptness, petty arrogance, and lack of empathy. For example, bureaucratic tenets include hiring and promotion based on ones qualifications and performance, but Portillo and her coauthors show that the practice of merit-based hiring institutionalizes inequity. As we showed in this article, human rights provide a universal benchmark for minimum standards of behavior. a. laissez-faire b. a. ), "Calculation of EPS and retained earnings Everdeen Mining, Inc., ended 2015 with a net profit before taxes of $436,000. Joe would be considered the __________ leader of the group. a. Whether from the standpoint of a bureaucrats qualifications (technical expertise and specialization) or the standpoint of structure (specialization and hierarchy), these three tenets of bureaucracy raise questions about their compatibility with principles of human rights in the HRBA framework. active participation of both members is crucial to the survival of dyads. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. a. succumbing to group pressure is less common than many people would like to believe c. utilitarian Psychology - The Biological Perspective, Communication - Writing Negative Messages Quiz level 3, Pre Exam Quiz 5; Human Development and Family Studies, Quiz Preview 10/ Psychology - Principles of Social Psychology, Quiz Facts 7' Psychology - Cognitive Functioning, Quiz Lot 2. Which category is NOT included in sociologist Amitai Etzioni's classification of formal organizations? social boundaries Sociologists would term them a(n) __________. Borry, E. L., L. DeHart-Davis, W. Kaufmann, C. C. Merritt, Z. Mohr, and L. Tummers. Within a bureaucracy, leaders have access to information that others in the organization do not have. c. instrumental group formal organization According to sociologist George Ritzer, __________ refers to a world of no surprises. b. fit with the concept of ingroup as well as the others? Part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes _____. One commonly overlooked example of this interaction is the "street level" bureaucrat. b. a. Achieving equity in public organizations entails not only acknowledging existing inequalities and issues, but also active engagement toward a more equitable bureaucratic structure and addressing underlying structural conditions, such as education, living standards, and employment access. assimilation The first thing you can do to try to de-bureaucratize yourself is to recognize that inside of a bureaucratic organization, there's a set of behaviors that we all learn and develop because they get. While bureaucracies are inevitable, organizations benefit if they ensure that their processes respect human rights and focus on equity, nondiscrimination, and fairness. Human rights have also been incorporated into national law and are represented in most constitutions around the world. Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. c. conflict theorists We use cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Through the introduction of the HRBA and analysis of bureaucratic characteristics, specifically those related to merit and neutrality and to rules, we show how the core principles of bureaucracy may not be contributing to standards of equity and the upholding of human rights. Leaders using the __________ style of leadership are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions. d. social group, __________ is the term for compliance in which people follow direct orders from someone in a position of authority. For example, automation is both increasing and changing the workforce by rendering some jobs obsolete. Our family, close friends, and school- or work-related peer groups are examples of, A situation in which people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity is known as, Let Quiz 3/Business - Business Communications, Criminal Justice - Crime Violence and Schools QuixDoc 2, Quiz Facts 8. The focus on technical proficiency and specialization from a structural standpoint has human rights implications, as well. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Public Management Research Association. 108. The Relationship between the Bureaucracy and the Public. The ideal type bureaucracymeant to identify elements of a typical bureaucracyis characterized by Weber (1946, 1968) as including: Specialization: fixed and official jurisdictional areas, Hierarchy: firmly ordered system of super- and sub-ordination, Organization in writing: management based upon written documents, Technical proficiency: office management usually presupposes thorough and expert training, Sole occupation: official activity demands the full working capacity of the official, Written rules: management of the office follows general rules, which are more or less stable, more or less exhaustive, and which can be learned. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) offers human rights indicators to measure progress toward human rights implementation in various areas (OHCHR 2012). a. the iron law of oligarchy Dyads are different from triads because c. primary group d. Expressive b. Irving Janis The text uses the expression "bureaucracy's other face" to refer to _________. We argue that a HRBA is useful in centering the values and principles of human rights and individual empowerment as a core value of bureaucratic organization and achievement, and serves as a way to evaluate the human rights affinity of current processes, afford bureaucrats human rights, and give insight on how to reform bureaucracies to make them more favorable to human rights.
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