"[7], In 1986, philosopher Edward S. Casey wrote, "The very word culture meant 'place tilled' in Middle English, and the same word goes back to Latin colere, 'to inhabit, care for, till, worship' and cultus, 'A cult, especially a religious one.' 36. For example, Japan has a more individualistic approach to problem solving, whereas China and South Korea tend to be more collectivist. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following is the least accurate statement about culture? This model assumes a mass production of culture and identifies power as residing with those producing cultural artifacts. b. Learn more about its definition, characteristics, ingroups, and examples. ),[54] which seeks to challenge the notion that those who produce commodities control the meanings that people attribute to them. The GLOBE Project Overview & Behavior Styles | What is the GLOBE Project? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Proudly powered by WordPress See Page 1. Select an answer and submit. b. Context, which refers to the stimuli, environment, or ambience surrounding an event, is probably the most important dimension of culture. Diffusion of innovations theory presents a research-based model of why and when individuals and cultures adopt new ideas, practices, and products.[20]. Answer: a. follow up important messages in writing. Peter must inform his employees that his company will need to let go of employees. a. It describes the level of explicit information and the importance of context in a . degree to which members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous situations Write a speech convincing your colleagues in Congress to pass or defeat Trumans Fair Deal measures. Collectivistic: High-context cultures are generally collectivist culturesthey place a higher value on the good of an entire group of people than on any one individual. Self-sufficiency and value independence, and placement of self-interest over collective interest. Do Metamucil Gummies Work as Well as Powder. They depend little on the context of a situation to convey meaning. c. 35. They criticize the Marxist assumption of a single, dominant meaning, shared by all, for any cultural product. Culture can be either of two types, non-material culture or material culture. assume that the listener understands if he or she nods and smiles in agreement. Which statement about the effect of social media and communication technology on culture is most accurate? Which of the following is an example of an export control? The UN and UNESCO promote cultural preservation and cultural diversity through declarations and legally-binding conventions or treaties. Developing Cultural Intelligence in Corporations, Cultural Perceptions of Time in Organizations: Monochronic and Polychronic Time, Using CRM to Improve Marketing & Customer Acquisition, Comparing Communication in Cultures with High & Low Tolerance for Ambiguity. (c) Michael Jordan Which of the following countries would likely view a business contract as a binding document? Roger OKeefe, Camille Pron, Tofig Musayev, Gianluca Ferrari "Protection of Cultural Property. [45] It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall,[46] who succeeded Hoggart as Director. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. They rely less on context & non-verbal cues and instead convey meaning more directly. attitude that ones own culture is superior to others is known as: Ethnocentrism, Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies. Power Distance Index & Examples | What is Power Distance? They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. Which of the following is a common trait of a business communicator from a low-context culture? Which statement about ethnocentrism is most accurate? Social media offers very little potential for intercultural engagement. This included overtly political, left-wing views, and criticisms of popular culture as "capitalist" mass culture; it absorbed some of the ideas of the Frankfurt School critique of the "culture industry" (i.e. An error occurred trying to load this video. The notion that they hold unique beliefs. Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature." The United States b Chinese Korean d Arab e . increasing levels of management. 1784. . Trompenaars' Cultural Dimensions Model & Examples | 7 Dimensions of Culture, Methods to Increase the Accuracy of Impressions, Cross-Cultural Interactions & Relationships in Agile Organizations, Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance | Culture, Example & Index, Developing an Audience-Centered Presentation, Long-Term vs. Short-Term Orientation | Hofstede, Culture & Concept, Resistance in Turkey and India Between World Wars. This is in direct contrast to low-context cultures, in which information is communicated primarily through language and rules are explicitly spelled out. (a) The EU imposes tariffs on U.S. agricultural products, (b) China limits the amount of rare-earth minerals that can be 2009) = Lascaux and Preservation Issues in Subterranean Environments: Proceedings of the International Symposium (Paris, February 26 and 27), ditions de la Maison des sciences de l'homme, 360 p. Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict, Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions, Honour Cultures of honour and cultures of law, "Repositioning culture for development: women and development in a Nigerian rural community", "Why China Loves American Chain Restaurants So Much", Stephen Wolfram (May 16, 2017) A New Kind of Science: A 15-Year View, "Biography of Adolf Bastian, ethnologist", "What is Anthropology? [57]:19 For example, people who are raised in a culture with an abacus are trained with distinctive reasoning style. Big Sandy Community and Technical College. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context ScholarOn, 10685-B Hazelhurst Dr. # 25977, Houston, TX 77043,USA. Japan Norway Germany Japan United States Rationale: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture. "[21] He argued that this immaturity comes not from a lack of understanding, but from a lack of courage to think independently. The acceptance of the privileges that come with power; An expectation of power differences and inequality. Required fields are marked *. In addition, organizations that promote diversity suffer fewer discrimination lawsuits, fewer union clashes, and less government regulatory action. Communicators in low-context cultures tend to be logical, analytical, and action oriented. This ability arose with the evolution of behavioral modernity in humans around 50,000 years ago and is often thought to be unique to humans. Marion hired you to research why employees are coming late and. 1) They are: Power Distance: The degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally. (Note: Is this article not meeting your expectations? Suppose that you are a member of Congress who heard Truman deliver his speech on the Fair Deal. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. Which of the Following Countries Represents a High Context Culture suggests specific strategies for moving toward a more mindful, competent style You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. These include expressive forms like art, music, dance, ritual, religion, and technologies like tool usage, cooking, shelter, and clothing. These communicators represent what kind of culture? Article 27 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights deals with cultural heritage in two ways: it gives people the right to participate in cultural life on the one hand and the right to the protection of their contributions to cultural life on the other. Specifically, culture involves those meanings and practices held independently of reason. Power distance Societies that have small power distance possess the following features: Participative or consultative style of management; Decision-making responsibility and authority decentralized; Questioning the authority and lack of acceptance; Tolerance toward differing opinions and behaviors. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. High Context Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Stress on horizontal relationships (such as the relationship between spouse and spouse) rather than vertical relationships (such as the relationship between parent and child). To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. There are strong distinctions made between individuals who are members of the ingroup and those who are not members in high-context cultures. Do I really want to write this message? Which of the following countries has a high-context culture? During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movementssuch as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empiredeveloped a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). The target of the attack is the identity of the opponent, which is why symbolic cultural assets become a main target. Ethnocentrism is the oversimplified perception of a behavioral pattern or characteristic applied to all groups. United States For example, Western restaurant chains and culinary brands sparked curiosity and fascination to the Chinese as China opened its economy to international trade in the late 20th-century. succeed. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 b. a. The preferred way of solving problems and learning is in groups. 32. c. Check all that apply. UNESCO, 2016, p 73. This article will explore which of the following countries represents a high context culture, taking Japan as an example. China EXCEPT Time orientation Which of the following is a benefit of a diverse work environment? Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you "[27] This concept of culture is also comparable to the German concept of bildung: "culture being a pursuit of our total perfection by means of getting to know, on all the matters which most concern us, the best which has been thought and said in the world. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? This E-mail is already registered with us. Which of the following countries represents a high-context culture? Visual arts of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas In 2016, a new approach to culture was suggested by Rein Raud,[15] who defines culture as the sum of resources available to human beings for making sense of their world and proposes a two-tiered approach, combining the study of texts (all reified meanings in circulation) and cultural practices (all repeatable actions that involve the production, dissemination or transmission of purposes), thus making it possible to re-link anthropological and sociological study of culture with the tradition of textual theory. Unequal relationships existing between people ensure the stability of society. Culture is shaped by attitudes learned in adulthood. Answer: a. teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. In the wider social sciences, the theoretical perspective of cultural materialism holds that human symbolic culture arises from the material conditions of human life, as humans create the conditions for physical survival, and that the basis of culture is found in evolved biological dispositions. [vii], [ii] online.seu.edu/articles/high-and-low-context-cultures/, [iii] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [iv] https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-dimensions/, [v] courses.candelalearning.com/-by-culture-2/, [vi] http://tevinsic.blogspot.com/2012/03/cultural-patterns-and-communication_02.html, [vii] https://www.inspireimagineinnovate.com/pdf/globesummary-by-michael-h-hoppe.pdf. In 1860, Adolf Bastian (18261905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind. Which of the following countries is considered a high-context Solved Which of the following countries has a high-context - Chegg c.is created by a structured educational system. [citation needed] The distinction between American and British strands, however, has faded. They are characterized by shared values, norms, and beliefs that develop over time. On the other hand, some researchers try to look for differences between people's personalities across cultures. All rights reserved. In other words, the idea of "culture" that developed in Europe during the 18th and early 19th centuries reflected inequalities within European societies.[29]. c. For uses in the natural sciences, see, Early researchers and development of cultural sociology, Tylor, Edward. of intercultural communication competence: Scholarship In high-context cultures (such as those in Japan, China, and Arab countries), the listener is already "contexted" and does not need to be given much background information [3]. 40. (1871). A comparatively static, more conventional mentality; Emphasis on reciprocation of gifts, favors, and greetings; Negative association with economic growth. Furthermore, cultural norms such as politeness, humility, and respect for authority are deeply ingrained in the culture. High-context cultures are more likely to be intuitive . mentioned in the text? d.comes from an orderly system of government and laws. In contrast, low-context cultures rely on explicit verbal communication. "[24] He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. For example, after tropical forests returned at the end of the last ice age, plants suitable for domestication were available, leading to the invention of agriculture, which in turn brought about many cultural innovations and shifts in social dynamics. Why does China limit its exports of rare-earth minerals? a. Acculturation has different meanings. "[30] According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between "civilized" and "uncivilized. "a general process of intellectual, spiritual, and aesthetic development. Primitive United States b. Germany c. Norway d. Japan ANSWER: RATIONALE: Japan, along with China and Arab countries, is a high-context culture.d. The country leans towards collectivism, and harmony within the group is important. New York: J.P. Putnam's Son, Jackson, Y. Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology, p. 203, Kant, Immanuel. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of consumer culture that emerged in the 20th century. Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the cultural concept of a society. [19] "Stimulus diffusion" (the sharing of ideas) refers to an element of one culture leading to an invention or propagation in another. Collectivism II: (In-Group) The degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families. Coye, N. dir. Ethnocentrism causes us to judge others by our own values. These forces are related to both social structures and natural events, and are involved in the perpetuation of cultural ideas and practices within current structures, which themselves are subject to change. In diffusion, the form of something (though not necessarily its meaning) moves from one culture to another. comes from an orderly system of government and laws. High-context cultures also value group harmony above individual achievement. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Hi, I'm Happy Sharer and I love sharing interesting and useful knowledge with others. Preferring indirect verbal interaction, c.Placing emphasis on written information. Another facet of the Romantic movement was an interest in folklore, which led to identifying a "culture" among non-elites. Westerners are more motivated by their successes than their failures, while East Asians are better motivated by the avoidance of failure. In the United Kingdom, sociologists and other scholars influenced by Marxism such as Stuart Hall (19322014) and Raymond Williams (19211988) developed cultural studies. [67], In the 21st century, the protection of culture has been the focus of increasing activity by national and international organizations. a. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of . His use, and that of many writers after him, "refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human. Exploring the Life and Legacy of the Ancient Greek Mathematician, Are Fairlife Protein Shakes Healthy? [3] Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change. refers to the degree to which a person identifies with a particular group. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. c. business ethics. Developers of social media should use the same design principles for all audiences. "[11] Terror management theory posits that culture is a series of activities and worldviews that provide humans with the basis for perceiving themselves as "person[s] of worth within the world of meaning"raising themselves above the merely physical aspects of existence, in order to deny the animal insignificance and death that Homo sapiens became aware of when they acquired a larger brain. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions: Theory, Purpose & Types | What is Cultural Dimension? I have a passion for learning and enjoy explaining complex concepts in a simple way. The Self in a Social Context: Help and Review, Figure-Ground Perception: Definition & Examples, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Introduction to Social Psychology: Help and Review, Research Methods and Ethics: Help and Review, Social Cognition & Perception: Help and Review, The Self: Executive and Organizational Functions & Gender and Cultural Differences, Introspection and Self-Awareness Theory in Psychology: Definition & Examples, Self-Perception Theory: Definition and Examples, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Education: Definition & Examples, Two-Factor Theory of Emotions: Definition and Relation to the Misattribution of Arousal, Social-Comparison Theory: Upward vs. Group of answer choices (a) England (b) China (c) Germany (d) Canada 2) All of the following have been victims of trademark trolling in China EXCEPT Group of answer choices (a) Justin Bieber (b) Volkswagen (c) Michael Jordan (d) Tesla 3 . Answer: d. Low-context The sociology of culture grew from the intersection between sociology (as shaped by early theorists like Marx,[42] Durkheim, and Weber) with the growing discipline of anthropology, wherein researchers pioneered ethnographic strategies for describing and analyzing a variety of cultures around the world. They also depend little on the context of a situation to convey their meaning. b. This page was last edited on 20 April 2023, at 12:57. Fostering contractual relationships that revolve around the fundamentals of exchange. Exploring a High Context Culture: Japan - The Enlightened Mindset Against this intellectual cowardice, Kant urged: "Sapere Aude" ("Dare to be wise!"). According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); different cultures, or different "folk ideas" (Vlkergedanken), are local modifications of the elementary ideas. Part of the legacy of the early development of the field lingers in the methods (much of cultural, sociological research is qualitative), in the theories (a variety of critical approaches to sociology are central to current research communities), and in the substantive focus of the field. Related processes on an individual level include assimilation (adoption of a different culture by an individual) and transculturation. Workers today communicate less than in previous years. The d. Empathetic senders consider how the receiver will decode the message and try, As you first begin the composition process, which of the following questions should you ask yourself? High-context Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (19181933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie ('cultural sociology'). McClenon, James. Humanity is in a global "accelerating culture change period," driven by the expansion of international commerce, the mass media, and above all, the human population explosion, among other factors. a. teaches : 1275997, Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that. b. The five dimensions of culture include context, individualism, time orientation, power distance, and communication style. They show hostility or indifference toward out-group members; Emphasis on harmony and hierarchy within group; Regulation of behavior with the help of group norms. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. Kindly login to access the content at no cost. High-context cultures are those in which the rules of communication are primarily transmitted through the use of contextual elements (i.e., body language, a person's status, and tone of voice) and . Every country has a unique culture or common heritage that teaches its members how to behave and conditions their reactions. High-context cultures promote the development of ingroups. Our Experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. 33. (d) Tesla Read:Discussion Background and answer all, You work for an auto manufacturer designing brake systems, but you do not have a dedicated team. It also studies the meanings and uses people attribute to various objects and practices. They build on findings by Hofstede (1980), Schwartz (1994), Smith (1995), Inglehart (1997), and others. Answer Key. a. originally meant the cultivation of the soul or mind, acquires most of its later modern meaning in the writings of the 18th-century German thinkers, who were on various levels developing Rousseau's criticism of "modern liberalism and Enlightenment."
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