According to a report published by the Reuters News Agency, on July29 1945 highly confidential archives found at Flensburg, in the house of General Reinecke showed German losses up to November 30, 1944, as 3.6 million, detailed in the following schedule. As Gabk took the opportunity to run, Klein returned from his fruitless chase of Kubi to help his wounded superior. According to Overmans there are no reliable figures to breakout the national origin for the figure of 900,000 men of German ancestry conscripted into the Waffen-SS[39] Overmans maintains that records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) surveyed only persons of German ancestry "deutsche nach Abstammung"[39] However Polish sources maintain that during the war the Germans forcibly conscripted ethnic Poles into the German military. They estimated 635,000 total deaths, 500,000 due to the strategic bombing of Germany and an additional 135,000 killed in air raids during the 1945 flight and evacuations on the eastern front. Soviet sources reported that "In 1945 the German Army lost more than 1,000,000 men killed on the Soviet-German front alone."[34]. Population Changes in Europe Since 1939, Geneva 1951. He was killed near the village of Molei in Peleponnesse in Greece by andartes men on 27 April 1943. Since the collapse of communism previously classified documentation regarding German military casualties became available to German researchers. [39] Heydrich's superior, Heinrich Himmler, sent his personal physician, Karl Gebhardt, who flew to Prague and arrived that evening. [115]) Marshall's figure for China is much lower than that of the Relief Bureau (126,000 vs. 435,600), but for the theaters where Japanese forces confronted American and British Empire forces the sum of Marshall's figures (1,093,000) is slightly higher than the sum of the Relief Bureau's figures for these theaters (1,020,900). He then collapsed against the railings, holding himself up with one hand. [136], The Soviets set up NKVD special camps in the Soviet-occupied parts of Germany and areas east of the Oder-Neisse line to intern Germans accused of alleged ties to the Nazis, or because they were hindering the establishment of Stalinism in East Germany. WebCollins retired in 1956, having served thirty-nine years in uniform. [12] British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was infuriated enough by the scale of reprisals to suggest levelling three German villages for every Czech village that the Nazis destroyed. The modification of the weapon could indicate an attached toxic or biological agent. Laurent Binet's novel HHhH (Himmlers Hirn heit Heydrich, or "Himmler's brain is called Heydrich"), published in 2010 by Grasset & Fasquelle, chronicles the lives of Reinhard Heydrich and his assassins Jozef Gabk and Jan Kubi. Of the army dead a total of 1,456,500 occurred on the battlefronts that Marshall's figures refer to (Southern Pacific,[111] Central Pacific,[112] India-Burma,[113] China[114] and Aleutians. [121] However, estimates from other sources tend to be lower, ranging from 305,000 to 500,000 persons killed by Allied bombing of German cities. [69], The assassination of Heydrich was one of the most significant moments of the resistance in Czechoslovakia. Comrades, surrender! Heydrich's green, open-topped Mercedes 320 Cabriolet B reached the curve two minutes later. WebIn World War II, many men went above and beyond the call of duty. For instance, in the battle of the Ruhr Pocket, there were about 10,000 fatalities on the German side (including prisoners of war in German captivity, foreign forced laborers, Volkssturm militia and unarmed civilians),[67] whereas about 317,000 Germans surrendered. The following schedule compares the total dead and living POW according to Overmans at 12/31/1944 with the figures of the German High Command. [11] However, the position of the German government, the German Federal Agency for Civic Education and the German Red Cross is that the death toll in the expulsions is between 2.0 and 2.5 million civilians. (Not including living POWs still held.). The Czech village of Leky was also destroyed because a radio transmitter belonging to the Silver A team was found there. German military personnel killed in World War II, German Army personnel killed in World War II, Austrian military personnel killed in World War II, Kriegsmarine personnel killed in World War II, Luftwaffe personnel killed in World War II, Hans Albrecht, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:German_military_personnel_killed_in_World_War_II&oldid=1135380332, German military personnel killed in action, Military personnel killed in World War II by nationality, German military personnel of World War II, Template Category TOC via CatAutoTOC on category with 101200 pages, CatAutoTOC generates standard Category TOC, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 24 January 2023, at 09:15. Nothing happened to me either.) WebLt. Schramm put the total at 4,188,057. A third plan was to kill Heydrich in Prague. [14] Warrant Officer Jozef Gabk (Slovak) and Staff Sergeant Karel Svoboda (cs) (Czech) were chosen to carry out the operation on 28 October 1941 (Czechoslovakia's Independence Day),[5] but after Svoboda received a head injury during training, he was replaced by Jan Kubi (Czech). Mai 1974. [34] Gabk then escaped in a tram, reaching a local safe house. Page 246. Many of the Medals were awarded posthumously, in recognition of a life cut short. This is assumed to include the following regions listed by the Japanese Relief Bureau: Bonin Islands, Okinawa, Formosa (Taiwan), Islands of Central Pacific. In 1956 the West German government figures in the table below list an estimated about 5.5 million deaths (military and civilian) directly caused by the war within the borders of 1937. (Published by the Search Service of the German Red Cross. Monthly figures do not add because of rounding. The foreword to the book was written by German President. [30] For the entire year 1945 Overmans puts total losses at 1,540,000 (1,230,045 in the final battles; 57,495 in other theaters and 252,188 POW). The authors of the Oxford Companion to World War II maintain that casualty statistics are notoriously unreliable[74] The following is a list of published statistics for German casualties in World War II. Five US generals killed in action - BBC News by tigre 07 Mar 2008, 22:20, Post A. OKW figures from 9/1/1939 to 12/31/1944, Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page78, B. 54 w.e.April 1st. [44], One of the theories was that some of the horsehair in the upholstery of Heydrich's car was forced into his body by the blast of the grenade, causing a systemic infection. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, Statistical bulletin January 1946 Page 7, Wirtschaft und Statistik November 1949, journal published by Statistisches Bundesamt Deutschland. [citation needed], The fate of over one million missing German soldiers in the USSR was an issue in post-war West Germany, with some claiming that they were held in secret labor camps by the Soviets. The German Military and the Holocaust | Holocaust Encyclopedia Source: Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, Page78, In 1969, the West German military historian Burkhart Mller-Hillebrand (de) published the third volume of his study of the German Army in World War II Das Heer 19331945 that listed OKW casualty figures and his estimate of total German casualties. "Heydrich Is Dead; Czech Toll At 178," pg 1, The New York Times, 5 June 1942. Left: McNair as Army Ground Forces commander. I HATE this guy. [39] He soon slipped into a deep coma and never regained consciousness, dying on 4 June around 04:30. This figure was to remain unchallenged until the 1990s when some German historians put the actual death toll in the expulsions at 500,000 confirmed deaths listed in a 1965 German Red Cross study. [52] In March the daily rate of POWs taken on the Western Front was 10,000;[53] in the first 14 days of April it rose to 39,000[54] and in the last 16 days the average peaked at 59,000 soldiers captured each day. WebThe 7 Most Notorious Nazis Who Escaped to South America. [26] Josef Valk (from group Silver A) was positioned about 100 m (109 yards) north of Gabk and Kubi to look out for the approaching car. Neither the Czech government-in-exile nor the British SOE likely foresaw the possibility that the Germans would apply the principle of Sippenhaft (collective responsibility) on the scale they did in avenging Heydrich's assassination. General Lesley McNair: His Tragic Death During Operation Cobra [2] Heydrich was wounded in the attack[3] and died of his wounds on 4 June 1942.[4]. [14][4][15] According to the German government Suchdienste (Search Service) there were 300,000 German victims (including Jews) of Nazi racial, political and religious persecution. PART I LAND Section A, ENEMY OPERATIONS. [3][4], Civilian deaths during the war include air raid deaths, estimates of German civilians killed only by Allied strategic bombing have ranged from around 350,000[5][6] to 500,000. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. 73 grenade; the bottom two-thirds of this weapon had been removed, and the open end and sides were wrapped up with adhesive tape. Overmans maintains that his research project taking a statistical sample of the records of the Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt) found that the German military casualty reporting system broke down during the war and that losses were understated. In 1950 the West German government made a preliminary estimate of 3,000,000 German civilians missing in Eastern Europe (1.5 million from pre war Germany and 1.5 million ethnic Germans from East Europe) whose fate needed to be clarified. Volume 46 Beitrge zur Militrgeschichte. McNair had been commander of Army ground forces and was responsible for According to Gregory Frumkin this presumably referred to aggregate German forces including those conscripted outside the 1937 German borders. Figures exclude Austria and conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe[119], A demographic analysis of the population balance by the West German government in 1960 put the total military losses of the Wehrmacht at 4,440,000; 3,760,000 for Germany (1937 borders); 430,000 conscripted ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe and 250,000 from Austria.[120]. The operation was given the codename Anthropoid, Greek for "having the form of a human", a term usually used in zoology. Adolf Oplka's aunt, Marie Oplkov, was executed in the Mauthausen camp on 24 October 1942; his father Viktor Jarolm was also killed. Overmans estimates the actual death toll of German POWs is about 1.1 million men (including 1.0 million in the USSR); he maintains that among those reported as missing were men who actually died as prisoners. -Emigrated & murdered Jews- The Statistisches Bundesamt (German government Statistical Office) gave a total of 200,000 Jews who had emigrated or were murdered, they did not estimate those actually who were murdered. Source of figures-Rdiger Overmans, Soldaten hinter Stacheldraht. He pointed out that the heavy death toll estimated by the Maschke Commission of 80,000 German POW in Yugoslavia was based on documented eyewitness accounts. The losses of civilians from East-Central Europe in the 1945 are included with the expulsion dead, the German Archives report of 1974 estimated 150,000 violent deaths of civilians in East-Central Europe during the 1945 military campaign. As it slowed down and rounded the corner, Gabk, who concealed his Sten submachine gun under a raincoat, dropped the raincoat and raised the gun, and, at close range, tried to shoot Heydrich, but the gun jammed. According to Krivosheev "The figures in the Wehrmacht documents relating to Germany's war losses are therefore contradictory and unreliable. [55][56], Nazi intelligence falsely linked Heydrich's assassins to the village of Lidice. -Other, misc. In the intervening years, the local geography has greatly changed. Overall Mller-Hillebrand estimated the total dead and missing at 4.0 million men. WebOn September 1, 1939 there were only 508 General Staff officers to fill the 589 General Staff positions. What country killed the most German soldiers in World war 2? This was a show of his confidence in the occupation forces and in the effectiveness of his government. The West German government statistical office issued a report in 1958 that put the number of civilians dead or missing in the expulsions and forced labor in the USSR at 2,225,000(including 1,339,000 for Germany in 1937 borders; Poland 185,000, Danzig 83,200; Czechoslovakia 272,900; Yugoslavia 135,800; Rumania 101,000; Hungary 57,000; Baltic States 51,400. General and Flag Officers Killed in War - War on the Rocks They also brought along urda, who tried to get them to surrender by shouting: "Kamardi, vzdejte se! Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. The second part focusses on World War I and possible research difficulties. Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen (1992), "Introduction", in Bischoff, Gunter; Ambrose, Stephen, Eisenhower and the German POWs, New York: Louisiana State University Press, forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, German prisoners of war in northwest Europe, German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union, German prisoners of war in the United States, Flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), Erich Hampe "Der Zivile Luftschutz im Zweiten Weltkrieg" pp.138-142, The German Reich and the Second World War, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, the wartime policy of the Nazis in Eastern Europe, West German government statistical office, Die Flucht der deutschen Bevlkerung 1944/45, "Quellen zur Geschichte der "Euthanasie"-Verbrechen 1939-1945 in deutschen und sterreichischen Archiven", Heeresarzt 10-Day Casualty Reports per Theater of War, 1945 [BA/MA RH 2/1355, 2/2623, RW 6/557, 6/559], Wehrmacht Monthly Casualty Reports, 1945 [BA/MA RM 7/810]. The German Red Cross reported in 2005 that the records of the military search service WAS list total Wehrmacht losses at 4.3 million men (3.1 million dead and 1.2 million missing) in World War II. WebI start with World War II because more (individual) records are available and I assume people are more interested in it. CENTER OF MILITARY HISTORY UNITED STATES ARMY WASHINGTON, D. C., 1989. [55] The number of prisoners taken in the west in March and April was over 1,800,000,[56] more than double the 800,000 German soldiers who surrendered to the Russians in the last three or four months of the war. Officer casaulties in the US Army as a percentage of their strength in each branch was: Infantry 25.7 Armor & Mechanized Cavalry 17 English language sources have put the death toll at 2 to 3 million for the flight and expulsion of the Germans. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 p. 14, Willi Kammerer; Anja Kammerer- Narben bleiben die Arbeit der Suchdienste - 60 Jahre nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg Berlin Dienststelle 2005. [51] From early March these surrenders seriously weakened the Wehrmacht in the West, and made further surrenders more likely, thus having a snowballing effect. Toward Peace: War Responsibility, Postwar Compensation, and Peace Movements and Education in Japan. Civilian bombing deaths (not including refugees) of 436,000 include 350,000 dead, 54,000 died of wounds and 32,000 missing and presumed dead. Heydrich was thought to be scheduled to transfer to occupied northern France and Belgium, with the intent to implement similar policies there. by tigre 29 Feb 2008, 20:30, Post Second is from Daniel Landa, called Anika Malinov (2022; Anna Malinov was Gabks girlfriend. By the end of 1954, they had identified approximately 4 million military dead and missing (2,730,000 dead and 1,240,629 missing). Heydrich's death led to a wave of reprisals by SS troops, including the destruction of villages and mass killings of civilians. Later on, it commenced to track German casualties again starting from 1946 after the World War II. The Tragey of Lieutenant General Lesley McNair - The Highest [4], According to the records of the western Allies 2.8 million German soldiers surrendered on the Western Front between D-day and the end of April 1945; 1.3 million between D-day and March 31, 1945,;[50] and 1.5 million of them in the month of April. [28], Overmans states that there is not sufficient data to break down the 1,230,045 deaths in the 1945 "final battles" in Germany between the Western Allied invasion of Germany and Eastern Front in 1945, although he estimates that 2/3 of these casualties can be attributed to the Eastern Front. In recent years there has been a joint Russian-German project to investigate the fate of POWs in the war. During the cold war in West Germany there were claims that one million German prisoners of war were held in secret by the USSR. He further argues (p.289) that about half of the 1,536,000 missing in the East between 1941 and 1945, according to his calculations, may well have died in Soviet captivity. - Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1958 See pages 102, 143,174,323 381, Rdiger Overmans- Personelle Verluste der deutschen Bevlkerung durch Flucht und Vertreibung. Highest rank officer [48], Heydrich's condition while hospitalized was not documented in detail, but he was not noted to have developed any of the distinctive symptoms associated with botulism, which have a gradual onset, invariably including paralysis, with death generally resulting from respiratory failure. The Polish underground killed two senior SS officers in the General Government in Operation Kutschera and Operation Brkl; Wilhelm Kube, the General-kommissar of Belarus, was killed in Operation Blowup by Soviet partisan Yelena Mazanik, a Belarusian woman who had managed to find employment in his household to kill him. [40] Heydrich developed a fever of 3839C (100.4102.2F) and wound drainage, and he was in great pain. [48] Based on his research, Rdiger Overmans believes that the deaths of 459,000 dead POWs can be confirmed in the files of Deutsche Dienststelle (WASt)(including 363,000 in the USSR). Web6 Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels (29 October 1897 1 May 1945) was a German Nazi politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda of Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945.. Thus the total for March and April was well over 1,800,000. highest ranking officer killed -Killed in 1945 land battles- This is a rough estimate made in 1956 for Germany in current post war borders, not including the former German territories in post war Poland. The following studies were published by the West German government estimating expulsion deaths. Rdiger Overmans, Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Entwicklung des organisatorischen Aufbaues. WebAlfred Jodl (ca. Top World War II German casualties in World War II - Wikipedia .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, For Austria the consequences of the Nazi regime and the Second World War were disastrous: During this period 2,700 Austrians had been executed and more than 16,000 citizens murdered in the concentration camps. Two others were also wounded by fragments of the same grenade Kubi, the Czech soldier who threw the grenade, and a bystander but neither was reported to have shown any sign of poisoning. The case of Ernst Rhm, the highest-ranking gay Nazi, presents an interesting study in the construction and containment of masculinity by the right. Civilian deaths, due to the flight and expulsion of Germans, Soviet war crimes and the forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union are disputed and range from 500,000[11][12][13] to over 2.0 million. At 10:30 on 27 May 1942, Heydrich started his daily commute from his home in Panensk Beany, 14km (9mi) north of central Prague, to his headquarters at Prague Castle. WebMaurice Rose: The Highest Ranking US Officer Killed By the Enemy In Europe During WWII. WebRussia Countries with the Highest Total Casualties in World War II: Those totals do not include the more than 14 million Soviet soldiers who were wounded during the war. The Austrian government puts their losses in the air war at 24,000. Otherwise notable people killed serving with the German military during World War II. Church of Saints Cyril and Methodius is where the Czechoslovak paratroopers died after being cornered, and the memorial there is for those killed by the SS in retaliation for Operation Anthropoid. The World War II Databook, by John Ellis, 1993 p256. The battle casualtry loss rate by rank for the US Army in World War II was: General Officer and all field grades 35 Captain 53 1st Lieutenant 105 2nd Lieutenant 204 Warrant Officer 8. The system was not uniform because various military branches such as the Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen SS and the military hospitals each had different systems of reporting. Ullstein Taschenbuch vlg., 2002 Pages 272-273, Overmans has made the following points in Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg. Below is a list of American general officers and flag officers who have been killed in On 2 June, during a visit by Himmler, Heydrich reconciled himself to his fate by reciting a part of one of his father's operas: The world is just a barrel-organ which the Lord God turns Himself. WebThe report of G. I. Krivosheev shows that of all the men serving in the military during the war, there were about 4,559,000 reported missing (including 3,396,400 per field reports and an additional 1,162,600 estimated by Krivosheev), out of which 500,000 were missing and presumed dead, 939,700 were conscripted back into the Soviet army during the Regarding overall losses they concluded that "It was further estimated that an additional number, approximately 25% of known deaths in 1944 and 1945, were still unrecovered and unrecorded. "Many a German walked mile after mile before finding an American not too occupied with other duties to bother to accept his surrender. Elisabeth Edwards 1/11/2023. [70][71] On 5 August 1942, British foreign secretary Anthony Eden issued a declaration that Germany had destroyed the Munich Agreement. (B) Includes 3,404,949 disarmed enemy forces. It is now known that they did not survive the war, Rdiger Overmans believes that more than likely they died in Soviet custody. Many civilians were indeed wary and fearful of further reprisals, making hiding information much longer increasingly difficult. The headquarters of the Czechoslovak military training camp during World War II were in Leamington.[77]. A 1990 study by the East German historian. [152]:12, The Austrian government provides the following information on human losses during the rule of the Nazis. He estimated total air raid deaths at 353,000. It was created in 1947 by an ex-soldier of the Czechoslovak army-in-exile, Frantiek Blsk and is dedicated to the paratroopers, the clergymen, and other Czech patriots who died for the sake of the operation. The German historian Rdiger Overmans in 2000 published the study Deutsche militrische Verluste im Zweiten Weltkrieg (German Military Casualties in the Second World War), which has provided a reassessment of German military war dead based on a statistical survey of German military personnel records. The Japanese Relief Bureau's army dead figure for this battlefront is 435,600. (.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}ISBN9783881990738) Pages 1508-1511, 1-These statistics include losses of the Waffen SS as well as Volkssturm and paramilitary serving with the regular forces.[22]. [8] Due to his brutal efficiency, Heydrich was nicknamed the Butcher of Prague, the Blond Beast, and the Hangman. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). We will never surrender, you hear? Heydrich, his face pale and contorted in pain, pointed toward the fleeing Slovak, saying, "Get that bastard! The oldest memorial is a plaque on Orthodox Cathedral of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Resslova Street, Prague. Marshall's figure is 128,000. They were declared citizens of the Third Reich by law and therefore subject to drumhead court-martial in case of draft evasion.
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