A further type produced at Oxford had on the obverse the king's bust with the denomination behind him, and the letter "R" (for Rawlins, the maker of the die) below the king's shoulder and the legend CAROLUS D G M BR F ET H REX and the Aberystwyth reverse. The reign of King George V (19101936) features several changes to the threepence denomination. The obverse shows a left-facing effigy of the king with the inscription GEORGIVS VI D G BR OMN REX, while the reverse has an elegant design of a shield of St George lying on a Tudor rose, dividing the date, with the inscription FID DEF IND IMP THREE PENCE. No threepences were produced by the Commonwealth. Extremely rare threepences were also produced at the Worcester or Shrewsbury mints, and possibly also at Chester. Types sets of all three portraits of the Queen Victoria threepences are often sold and are popular with collectors. The 12-sided shape was famously reintroduced into circulation in 2017 when the Royal Mint updated the design of the one pound coin to a new 12-sided configuration which made counterfeiting more difficult. Threepences of the fourth coinage (15781582) are identical except for having a slightly lower silver content. While mentioning Joeys, weshould also mention that both types ofthreepenceswere usually called or pronounced threpence, undoubtedly because using a long ee sound makes for a slightly awkward pronunciation. In Britain and Northern Ireland the farthing coin ceased to be legal tender on 1 January 1961; [3] however, the farthing remaind legal tender in the Falkland Islands, the Falkland Islands Dependencies, and the British Antarctic Territory until 31 October 1970. We wrote the above in 1998 or 1999. In the case of the euro, coins and banknotes of former national currencies were in some cases considered legal tender from 1 January 1999 until various dates in 2002. This was followed by the dated issue, issued each year from 1670 to 1684, where the obverse features a right-facing uncrowned bust of the king and the inscription CAROLVS II DEI GRATIA, with the reverse showing three crowned interlinked "C"s (indicating the value) and the inscription MAG BR FRA ET HIB REX date. This coin weighed 6.6grams and the diameter was 21mm across the sides and 22mm across the corners. In todays money, this translates to one-quarter of 5 new pence, or 1.25 pence to be exact. Threepences were struck in all years from 1822 to 1830, though the king's head is smaller on the 1822 issue, apparently because the correct punch broke and the one from the twopence was used instead. However, the original 'joey' was the groat (or fourpence).The groat was re-introduced in 1836 during the reign of William IV at the suggestion of Joseph Hume (1777-1855).Popularly known as the 'joey',named after Hume's christian name, it was introduced to ease transactions on the London buses, the fare being four pence or one groat. A twelve-sided nickel brass threepence was also introduced in 1937; the two formats were issued in parallel until the brass version finally supplanted the silver threepence. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. 2010-10-02 03:07:05. [5] Coins dated 1946 and 1949 were minted in far fewer numbers than the rest, and as nickel-brass wears very quickly, higher grade specimens of these coins are expensive to buy now (both over 500 for uncirculated examples). Even to this day, the silver threepences produced each year for the Maundy ceremony still retain the old crowned "3" as their reverse design. All you have to do is fill out the form below and attach a clear image of both sides of the coin. Threepences were produced in 1729, 1731, 1732, 1735, 1737, 1739, 1740, 1743, 1746, and 1760. The first type has the date broken by a thrift plant design and the second has the date below. The old pennies quickly went out of use after Decimal Day, 15 February 1971there was no exact decimal equivalent of them, and the slogan "use your old pennies in sixpenny lots" explained that pennies and "threepenny bits" were only accepted in shops if their total value was six old pence (exactly 212 new pence). The reverse inscription reads MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date up to 1800 and BRITANNIARUM REX FID DEF date from 1817. It is no longer possible to exchange them for current coins at a bank. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited. However, coins from the other years are worth as little as 1, even in this condition. While it would take a lifetime to discuss the designs of every year from each monarchs reign, here are some of the most significant threepence pieces from its four-century history, with a particular emphasis on the 19th and 20th centuries. The Edward VIII era saw the planned introduction of a new, larger, nickel-brass (79% copper, 20% zinc, 1% nickel) twelve-sided threepence coin. Threepences were issued in 176263, 176566, 1770, 1772, 1780, 1784, 1786, 1792, 1795, 1800, 1817, 1818, and 1820. As with all British silver coins, the silver content was reduced from sterling (0.925) silver to 50% silver, 40% copper, 10% nickel in 1920, 50% silver, 50% copper in 1922, and 50% silver, 40% copper, 5% nickel, 5% zinc in 1927, while the design of the reverse of the circulating threepence (but not the maundy threepence) was completely changed in 1927 to three oak sprigs with three acorns and a "G" in the centre, and the inscription THREE PENCE date. The scarce dates are 1948, 1950 and 1951 and these are now selling for 60 80 in mint state. Continue with Recommended Cookies. Before Decimal Day in 1971, sterling used the Carolingian monetary system, under which the largest unit was a pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence. The mint at Bristol produced rare threepences in 1644 and 1645. However, it is believed a handful escaped, with one example selling for 62,000 at auction in 2020.[1]. . The obverse shows a left-facing effigy of the king[4] (not right as would have been the convention to alternate the direction) with the inscription EDWARDVS VIII D G BR OMN REX F D IND IMP, and the reverse shows a three-headed thrift plant with the inscription THREE PENCE 1937. While the Type 1 threepence of the George VI reign was minted from 1937 through to 1948, its the 1946 minted coins that are most noteworthy, partly due to no minting in 1947. The obverse shows a right-facing bust of the king, with the inscription GEORGIVS DEI GRATIA while the reverse shows the crowned "3" and MAG BRI FR ET HIB REX date. For the building in south London, see, VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF IND IMP, EDWARDVS VII D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP, ELIZABETH II DEI GRA BRITT OMN REGINA F D, October 2019 sale of 120,000 threepences, Learn how and when to remove this template message, pound divided into 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, "U.K. to Replace 1-Pound Coin With Secure 12-Edged Design", "1 million worth of 'thruppences' to be sold to stop coin collecting dying out", Threepence (Circulating), Coin Type from United Kingdom - Online Coin Club, List of people on coins of the United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Threepence_(British_coin)&oldid=1144546411, Pre-decimalisation coins of the United Kingdom, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2007, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 14 March 2023, at 08:52. The old penny and threepence coins ceased to be legal tender on 31st August 1971, just over six months after D-day. Following decimalisation, the brass threepence ceased to be legal tender after 31 August 1971. The reverse design remained the same, while the obverse showed the right-facing effigy of the king, with the inscription EDWARDVS VII D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP. Depending on the exchange rate at any given time, a threepence in todays money would be the equivalent of just under 2 cents. The obverse shows a front-facing bust of the king, with a rose to the left and the value numeral III to the right, surrounded by the legend EDWARD VI D G ANG FRA Z HIB REX. In 1644 the Exeter mint produced a fairly scarce threepence. . [citation needed] There are two types of Edward VIII brass threepences. The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom, 2022 Queen Elizabeth II Memorial Sovereign Release, The Queen's Beasts - The White Lion of Mortimer, The Queen's Beasts - The White Horse of Hanover, The Queen's Beasts - The Yale of Beaufort, SSC Provenance Mark with 'Vigo' on British Coins, Royal African Company Provenance Marks on British Coins, Sculptors Artists & Engravers of British Coins, Benedetto Pistrucci Engraver Of St. George And The Dragon, Sir Thomas Brock Engraver of Queen Victoria, William Wyon Engraver of the Victoria Young Head Portrait, Edgar Bertram Mackennal Engraver to King George V, George William de Saulles, Sole Engraver Of Edward VII, Mary Gillick Designer of Queen Elizabeth II First Portrait, Ian Rank-Broadley Engraver of Queen Elizabeth II Fourth Portrait, Jody Clark Engraver of Queen Elizabeth Fifth Portrait, Martin Jennings: Engraver of King Charles III Portrait, British Coin Inscriptions in Alphabetical Order, STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS - Coin Inscriptions on British Coins, DIEU ET MON DROIT Inscription on British Coins, NEMO ME IMPUNE LACESSIT - Inscription on British Coins, PLEIDOL WYF I'M GWLAD - Inscription on British Coins, Decus et Tutamen - Inscription on British Coins, GEORGIVS V. DG.BRITT: OMN: REX. Expired coins pre-dating the 1971 decimalisation system have become a popular niche for coin collectors throughout the UK and beyond, It was worth 1/80th of a pound, or of a, While older incarnations of the coin used a plain edge, the threepence of. George VI Type 2 threepence coins in subsequent years up to 1952 are not worth very much but offer a cheap solution to boost a collection with the George VI depicted nickel-brass coin. Milled coins were produced at the York mint between 1638 and 1649, which look similar to the Aberystwyth product but without the plumes the obverse features a left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MAG BR FR ET HI REX, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield over a cross, with EBOR over the shield and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. By the end of George V's reign the threepence had become unpopular in England because of its small size (George Orwell comments on this in Keep the Aspidistra Flying[3]), but it remained popular in Scotland. 1644 Oxford, while around the outside of the coin is the legend EXURGAT DEUS DISSIPENTUR INIMICI Let God arise and His enemies be scattered. It circulated until 1990. During the reign of King George VI, circulation silver threepences were produced only in 193745 (and almost all the 1945 examples were subsequently melted down). These coins are identifiable from other denominations by the rose behind the queen's head on the obverse, and the date on the reverse. Value Marks Of The Silver Threepence Coin. This is because in this year it was ordered that all threepence coins were to be melted down for their silver content due to the decreasing popularity of the silver threepence. The milled silver threepences of Charles II form two types. It was easy to see in change as it was yellow in appearance, and the multiple sides stood out as well as it being quite chunky unlike the small silver threepence. The value of the threepenny fluctuates greatly from one era to the next due partly to varying interest levels from collectors and in part due to the maundy money versus general circulation. Threepence (British coin) - Wikipedia So alternate, close, denominations had a rose or no rose, as the case required. They feature a left-facing crowned bust of the king with plumes in front of his face and the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS DG MA B FR ET H REX (or a combination of M(A) B F(R) ET H(I)(B) depending on the engraver), with the reverse showing the royal arms on a large oval shield with plumes above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO I reign under the auspices of Christ. The name has also been applied to any thick or large coin, such as the Groschen (grosso), a silver coin issued by Tyrol in 1271 and Venice in the 13th century, which was the first of this general size to circulate in the Holy Roman Empire and other parts of Europe. They depict an IND IMP and are worth 240 at the EF grading. The milled silver threepences of Charles II form two types. The denomination is identified by the numeral III appearing behind the king's head. A similar threepence was produced for King James II, dated 1685 to 1688, the obverse showing a left-facing bust of the king and the inscription IACOBVS II DEI GRATIA, with the reverse showing three crowned "I"s (indicating the value) and the inscription MAG BR FRA ET HIB REX date. All rights reserved. Regards & best wishes, Ron H-W. Ron is correct when he states thatiswasn't quite true about the use of value marks. Featuring the depiction of a young Queen Victoria, coins from most years in this era are worth around 10-12. The Silver Spring Three refers to a Vietnam War era anti-draft action. The currency threepence was issued for each of the nine years of the reign of King Edward VII from 1902. . Apart from the king's head and name, and the weight being increased to 6.8grams, the coin was identical to that prepared for Edward VIII. This is because in this year it was ordered that all threepence coins were to be melted down for their silver content due to the decreasing popularity of the silver threepence. 1 Croydon was known for many years as the "threepenny bit building" for its resemblance to a stack of threepenny coins. Type 1 (1911-1920) contains 0.925 silver, Type 2 (1920-1926) contains 0.5 silver, Type 3 (1926) carries a modified obverse image, and Type 4 (1927-1936) has a New Oak Sprig reverse. 15 February 1971, and ceased to be legal . Some years, like 1847 and 1848, are considered extremely rare and could fetch a four-figure sum if they feature high-quality grading. The second silver issue came out part way through 1920 and was reduced to 0.500 silver due to the severe shortage of silver. Again this could be wrong, so we will research further before returning to complete this page. Victorian threepences were produced both for maundy use and for normal circulation in all years between 1838 and 1901 except 1847, 1848, and 1852 (probably because of the possible advent of a decimal currency at the time (see the item on the florin), when the 3d at 1/80th of a pound would not have fit with in a decimal system). It was called a tickey in South Africa[6] and Southern Rhodesia.[7]. This coin also only exists as a pattern. Meanwhile, a higher grading will naturally bump up the valuation compared to a G, VG, or F rating. This coin also appears dated 1646. The silver threepence continued to minted, as there may have been some uncertainty how well the new coin would be accepted. Carnac. The silver threepence had another completely new reverse three interlinked rings of Saint Edmund, with the inscription FID DEF IND IMP 1937 THREE PENCE, while the obverse shows a left-facing effigy of the king with the inscription EDWARDVS VIII D G BR OMN REX and a very small silver engravement. However, given their age, most can be found in EF condition, which can fetch a few pounds. Over the length of the reign there were several different designs of obverse and reverse in use. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. When did silver three penny piece cease to be legal tender? Threepences were issued in 1762-3, 1765-6, 1770, 1772, 1780, 1784, 1786, 1792, 1795, 1800, 1817, 1818, and 1820. During the reign of king George VI, circulation silver threepences were only produced in 1937-1945 (and almost all the 1945 ones were subsequently melted down). Plumes were the identifying symbol of the Aberystwyth mint, but the Bristol and Oxford mints often used dies from the Aberystwyth mint so plumes often appear on their output too. The Threepence was initially to be withdrawn and demonetised on the introduction of decimal currency in 1971, but they remained legal tender until about 1974 or 75. . The obverse shows a front-facing bust of the king, with a rose to the left and the value numeral III to the right, surrounded by the legend EDWARD VI D G ANG FRA Z HIB REX. This was carried over to that of George VI following the abdication. It was considered too fiddly to handle. Baby kangaroos, known as joeys, are remarkably small. There was also a fairly rare milled coinage threepence, produced between 1561 and 1564 with similar designs and inscriptions to the hammered coinage threepences. Demise of the Florin Robert Wagner. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Three pences from Maundy sets are often missing as they were the only easily spendable coin in the set at the time. The obverse shows a left-facing bust of the Queen, with the inscription ANNA DEI GRATIA while the reverse shows the crowned "3" and MAG BR FR ET HIB REG date (17035, 1707), MAG BR FRA ET HIB REG (1706), or MAG BRI FR ET HIB REG (170813). These were for Maundy money only. Edward VI threepences were struck at the London and York mints. The inscription on the obverse reads GEORGIVS III DEI GRATIA up to 1800, and GEORGIUS III DEI GRATIA date from 1817. Carnac is The Roar's son, who helped in the first fight between her and the Protector. Threepences were produced both with the "young head" (183887) and with the "Jubilee head" (188793), inscribed VICTORIA D G BRITANNIAR REGINA F D, while those produced with the "old head" (18931901) are inscribed VICTORIA DEI GRA BRITT REGINA FID DEF IND IMP. Silver Spring Three - Wikipedia For the sole reign of William III, the design remained very similar, with the inscriptions changed to GVLIELMVS III DEI GRA and MAG BR FR ET HIB REX date. year) of silver Threepence . Many people did not like the new design and some areas of the country refused to use it! Silver threepences continued in 0.925 silver were issued from 1902 to 1910 and weighed 1.41grams. When the Sea Turned to Silver Summary & Study Guide - www.BookRags.com Unusually, the same young portrait of King George II was used on the threepence throughout his reign (172760), despite an older portrait being used on other denominations from 1743. However, he was restrained by the will of the Protector, who was left . Dates used for the smaller coins were 156177. The young head was issued 1838-87, Jubilee head 1887-93 and old head 1893-1901. They feature a left-facing crowned bust of the king with plumes in front of his face and the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS DG MA B FR ET H REX (or a combination of M(A) B F(R) ET H(I)(B) depending on the engraver), with the reverse showing the royal arms on a large oval shield with plumes above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO -- I reign under the auspices of Christ. The circulated three pence and the three pence given out at the Maundy ceremonies were the same design. Threepences of the fourth coinage (15781582) are identical except for having a slightly lower silver content. By the start of the reign of King George IV (18201830) the coin was being struck primarily as a Maundy coin, although some coins were produced for use in the colonies. It features a left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MA BR F ET H RE, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield with the date 1644 above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. In style they are very reminiscent of his father's issues, the obverse featuring the bust of the king, with the numeral III and the legend CAROLUS II D G MAG BRI F ET H REX, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield over a cross, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. The obverse shows a left-facing crowned bust of the queen with a rose behind her, surrounded by the legend ELIZABETH D G ANG FR ET HIB REGINA, while the reverse shows shield over a long cross, dated 1561, surrounded by the legend POSUI DEU ADIUTOREM MEU. The recent seller reported that a relative worked at The Royal Mint which will probably have been how the coin got out of The Mint. It features a left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MA BR F ET H RE, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield with the date 1644 above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. Dates used for the smaller coins were 1561-77. The obverse inscription reads GEORGIUS IIII D G BRITANNIAR REX F D, while the reverse shows a new-style crowned "3" and date, all within a wreath. A three pence coin was also used in the pre-decimalisation currencies of Commonwealth of Nations countries such as Fiji, Australia, and New Zealand. A quantity of (370,000) silver threepences were struck dated 1945, although these were all melted with the metal used in other mint products. Threepence 1937 (Silver, circulating) 8,174,558: King . However, those at EF grading are worth 250. Two are known to have survived and they are extremely rare. For the first two years a somewhat caricatured portrait of the monarchs was used, replaced by a rather more staid portrait in 1691, with the inscription GVLIELMVS ET MARIA D G, while the reverse shows a crowned Arabic number "3" and the inscription MAG BR FR ET HIB REX ET REGINA date. Unlike some of the larger denominations . Fast forward to 2020, and we were contacted by Ron H-W, who provided us with the following, as it appears to be well-researched, with references, we make no apology for adding it here in full, There are a few factors at work there: The silver fourpence was re-introduced in 1836, at the instigation of Joseph Hume This was because the standard cab fare was then 4d (four pence). We are not financial advisers and we would always recommend that you consult with one prior to making any investment decision. This article is about the history of the threepence. The first type has the date broken by a thrift plant design and the second has the date below. "ten-bob note". In the reign of Queen Anne (17021714), the same basic design was used, with threepences produced in 170310 and 1713. Hence the coin was not minted in the following two reigns. Victoria bronze "Bun" halfpenny introduced 1860 together with bronze pennies and farthings. [10] The London Mint Office oversaw the sale of the coins, which all date from George V's reign and were valued at a total of approximately 1m, although a more realistic valuation would be in the region of 60,000. Between 1937 and 1945 the silver threepence was minted each year during King George VI's reign, but it is the 1945 edition that is considered to be extremely rare. I hope these observations help. After the coins were phased out (beginning in 1970) the building eventually gained a new nickname: the "50p building". Wiki User. Obverse, Uncrowned portrait of George VI facing left, legend reads 'GEORGIVS VI D:G:BR:OMN:REX' meaning 'George the Sixth by the Grace of God King of all the Britains.' Currency silver threepences from 1838 to 1926 were of identical design and cannot usually be distinguished except in the best conditions when the higher striking standard of the Maundy coins stands out; when the currency was decimalised in 1971, all silver threepences from 1870 onwards were revalued at three new pence, not just the Maundy coins. In 1644 the Exeter mint produced a fairly scarce threepence. All milled silver threepences were 17 millimetres in diameter and weighed 1.5 grams dimensions which were unchanged until near the end of the reign of George III. FD. Milled coins were produced at the York mint between 1638 and 1649, which look similar to the Aberystwyth product but without the plumes the obverse features a left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MAG BR FR ET HI REX, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield over a cross, with EBOR over the shield and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. Similar denominations were later used throughout the British Empire and Commonwealth countries, notably in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. This coin weighed 6.6 grams (0.23oz) and the diameter was 21 millimetres (0.83in) across the sides and 22 millimetres (0.87in) across the corners. It ceased to be legal tender on the 16th of April, 1945. These coins are identifiable from other denominations by the rose behind the queen's head on the obverse, and the date on the reverse. Upload a picture of your coin and our team of experts will evaluate the coins condition, rarity, and historical value to give you an accurate market price estimate. Unusually, the same young portrait of King George II was used on the threepence throughout his reign (172760), despite an older portrait being used on other denominations from 1743. This was followed by the dated issue, issued each year from 1670 to 1684, where the obverse features a right-facing uncrowned bust of the king and the inscription CAROLVS II DEI GRATIA, with the reverse showing three crowned interlinked "C"s (indicating the value) and the inscription MAG BR FRA ET HIB REX date. You can read more about copyright or our advice disclaimer on these links. The threepence pieces become increasingly difficult to find as you go back through the 18th, 17th, and 16th centuries. The obverse inscription reads GEORGIUS IIII D G BRITANNIAR REX F D, while the reverse shows a new-style crowned "3" and date, all within a wreath. Name. Although it was an easy denomination to work with in the context of the old sterling coinage system, being a quarter of a shilling, initially it was not popular with the public who preferred the groat (four pence). Threepences were issued in 17623, 17656, 1770, 1772, 1780, 1784, 1786, 1792, 1795, 1800, 1817, 1818, and 1820. Apart from the king's head and name, and the weight being increased to 6.8 grams (0.24oz), the coin was identical to that prepared for Edward VIII. Legal tender - Wikipedia Milled coins were produced at the York mint between 1638 and 1649, which look similar to the Aberystwyth product but without the plumes -- the obverse features left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MAG BR FR ET HI REX, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield over a cross, with EBOR over the shield and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. The onepennyto four pencehavetraditionallybeen given out in Maundy ceremonies. Current policy on British coins as legal tender is - 20 pence pieces, 25 pence coins and 50 pence pieces are legal tender in amounts up to 10 pounds; 5 pence pieces and 10 pence pieces are legal . The British farthing (derived from the Old English feorthing, a fourth part) was a British coin worth a quarter of an old penny (1 960 of a pound sterling).It ceased to be struck after 1956 and was demonetised from 1 January 1961. When did the British Threepence cease to be legal tender? Threepence coins issued in 1954 circulated for 17 years until "Decimal Day", 15 February 1971, and ceased to be legal tender after 31 August 1971. Threepences were produced in 1729, 1731, 1732, 1735, 1737, 1739, 1740, 1743, 1746, and 1760. They feature a left-facing crowned bust of the king with the numeral III behind him, with the legend CAROLUS D G MA BR F ET H RE, with the reverse showing the royal arms on a shield with the date 1644 above the shield, and the legend CHRISTO AUSPICE REGNO. The general circulation British silver Threepence was no longer. The reverse design remained the same, while the obverse showed the right-facing effigy of the king, with the inscription EDWARDVS VII D G BRITT OMN REX F D IND IMP. The threepence is a fascinating coin with a rich history that covered several incarnations during its 400-year lifespan, and this is reflected in the range of valuations depending on the age of your coin. A total of just 12 of these coins were struck for experimental purposes and sent to a slot machine manufacturing company for testing. Old money in the UK - Pounds shillings and pence - Retrowow While the silver threepence was minted as a currency coin until nearly the middle of the 20th century, it is clear that the purpose of the coin changed during the reign of King George III (17601820).
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